How I Think About Behavior

All behavior makes sense.

Where behavior comes from, why it persists, and how regulation capacity develops.

Every thought, feeling, and action serves a function.

Even if we're not aware of it.

Humans are the product of two things: biology and environment, past and present. Behavior emerges from the complex transaction between the two, and what our nervous system learns as a result.

Some of us are biologically hardwired to feel things faster, harder, and longer. And some of us grew up, live, or work, in places that dismiss, doubt, or label these feelings as "too much."

If we weren't taught how to otherwise regulate our nervous system, we turn to whatever behaviors within our reach can help us hide our emotions. These behaviors, once protective, can over time turn into patterns that interfere with our long-term values.

Change efforts must question: what function does this behavior serve, and how can it be interrupted?

Biology

  • How quickly emotions arrive
  • How intensely they feel
  • How long they take to resolve

Invalidating environment

  • Inner experience dismissed or doubted
  • Hard things oversimplified – "just calm down"
  • Disrespect, condescension, being talked over
  • Uncertainty, conflict, inconsistency
  • Composure rewarded, honesty punished

Each side continually shapes the other.

Emotions override capacity

Behavior reaches for whatever brings relief fastest.

↻ Relief works – briefly – so the pattern repeats
& Skills interrupt the cycle – between activation and action.
Where this comes from – and where I'm extending it

Marsha Linehan developed this biosocial model to explain pervasive emotion dysregulation.

I'm extending the mechanism, not the severity. The same transactions happen in daily life: feeling things quickly, in a context that says the feeling is wrong, then reaching for whatever relieves it fastest.

What happens in the moment.

Perceived threat activates the nervous system. Regulation capacity determines whether that activation becomes protective behavior or valued action.

THE BEHAVIOR IMMEDIATELY AFTER OVER TIME delayed reinforcement Regulation Capacity shaped by biology, learning history, and environment shifts which response becomes more likely Perceived Threat Nervous System Activation Valued Action Protective Behavior Discomfort – stays, and you tolerate it. Relief – immediate, and it works. Individual, Relational, & Systemic Outcomes immediate reinforcement Perceived Threat Nervous System Activation Regulation Capacity shaped by biology, learning history, and environment shifts which response becomes more likely Valued Action Protective Behavior Discomfort – stays, and you tolerate it. Relief – immediate, and it works. Individual, Relational, & Systemic Outcomes immediate reinforcement delayed reinforcement

A conceptual model.

What regulation capacity is

Regulation capacity is the ability to respond in accordance with our values in the moment. To notice what's happening, tolerate discomfort, and choose deliberately rather than automatically. It has three coordinating components.

Feeling
Emotional

Modulates intensity – the volume of what you're feeling and where your attention goes. It keeps you mindful of emotions when pressure wants to broadcast them, loudly.

Thinking
Cognitive

Monitors interpretations and reflective reasoning. It keeps automatic thoughts open to examination when pressure pushes toward rigid, habitual explanations.

Doing
Behavioral

Drives values-directed action despite competing impulses. It keeps behavior consistent with what you want long-term, especially when pressure makes the easier thing more appealing.

Protective behavior takes a lot of forms – withdrawing, tightening control, appeasing, pushing back, going quiet. It often functions as avoidance.

Most problems come back to avoidance.

I'm convinced that avoidance is one of our biggest obstacles to building a life worth living. Look closely at almost any problem and you'll find something being avoided – a feeling, a situation, a conversation, a version of the truth. The observed behavior varies – the drink, the scroll, the overwork, the silence in the meeting. All can function to reduce or eliminate contact with something painful.

Avoidance keeps problems alive by providing temporary relief. The moment we decide to avoid, our distress often drops. We learn to choose avoidance the next time it appears.

Shame often sits underneath a lot of avoidant behaviors. It tells us to hide – that we are the problem, and that the safest move is to keep the shameful part of ourselves a secret. The hiding gives shame exactly what it needs to grow.

This is one of the few places where most of psychology agrees. Exposure therapy, acceptance and commitment work, psychoanalysis, behavioral activation – across traditions, treatment works to the degree it helps someone turn toward what they've been moving away from.

The objective is the same in every modality – approach, with support. Do the thing, feel the feeling, confront the discomfort, and find out what actually happens.

What it looks like for me

My own default is avoidance. I'd much prefer that people read my mind to know what they're doing that annoys me. Yet even as I'm a psychologist, I can't actually read anyone else's mind.

I'm endlessly working on practicing opposite action to my emotion urges and speaking my truth. And what I find is that the more open and authentic I am, the more connected to others I feel.

How regulation capacity is developed.

The four behavioral skills modules that Marsha Linehan created to strengthen it. The fifth – dialectical flexibility – runs through the whole philosophy and holds the other four together.

  1. 01Mindfulnessnoticing what's happening in the present, without attachment or judgment.
  2. 02Emotion Regulationunderstanding and experiencing feelings without letting their intensity or duration decide what happens next.
  3. 03Distress Tolerancegetting through a hard moment without making it worse.
  4. 04Interpersonal Effectivenesssaying the hard thing respectfully, factually, and nonjudgmentally.
  5. 05Dialectical Flexibilityholding two true things at once when everything in you wants to pick one.

See what each one asks for, and what breaks down without it →

Where it breaks down.

01
Vulnerability factors
What made you at risk for the protective behavior at that specific time or place?
02
Prompting event
What specifically set it off?
03
The links
What happened between the event and the behavior – the thoughts, feelings, actions, and sensations?
04
Action urge
When was the last moment a different choice was still available?
05
The behavior
What protection pattern emerged?
06
Consequences
What did it provide right away, and what did it cost later?

Analyses of the same behavior in different moments provide information about patterns you can plan for.

What I assume going in.

These are assumptions about behavior that cannot be proved. And, I choose to believe them because they are what keep me curious.

01
People are doing the best they can.

Given their current regulation capacity, skill level, and environment.

02
People want to improve.

All people want to live satisfying and emotionally fulfilling lives – the capacity to act on it varies.

03
People need greater capacity to change behavior.

Doing the best they can with their current skills and needing to develop better ones are not contradictory – they're dialectical.

04
People may not have caused every problem, and they're responsible for solving them anyway.

Effectiveness is defined by ownership of the present – regardless of fault or how problems came to be.

05
New behavior must be learned in all relevant contexts.

They must be practiced and refined across contexts for generalization.

06
All behaviors – actions, thoughts, and emotions – are caused.

Behavior is a function of conditions, learning history, and current regulation capacity.

07
Identifying and changing the causes of behavior is more effective than judging and blaming.

Evaluating and shaming doesn't motivate change. Identifying what contributed to a behavior and figuring out how to respond more effectively next time does.

Where to start.

Strengthening regulation capacity starts with finding your why. Naming your values. Identifying what you actually want.

The motivation for building your life worth living comes from knowing your why.